Abstracts:

Worldwide occurrence of pectenotoxins and yessotoxins in shellfish and phytoplankton

Hirofumi Goto 1, Tomoji Igarashi 1, Masatoshi Watai 1, Takeshi Yasumoto 1, Orialis Villaroel Gomez 2, Georgina Lembeye Valdivia 3, Fredrik Noren 4, Las-Ake Gisselson 5 & Edna Graneli 5

1 Japan Food Research Laboratories, 6-11-10 Nagayama, Tokyo 206-0025, Japan 2 Institute of Public Health, Av. Marathon 1000 - Santiago, Chile 3 E. Ramirez 701, Depto 22 - Puerto Montt, Chile 4 Department of Marine Botany, Gothenburg University, Box 461, SE-405 30 G. Sweden 5 Department of Marine Sciences, University of Kalmar, S-392 31 Kalmar, Sweden

Pectenotoxin-2 and its seco acid were identified for the first time from Chile in two species of mussels and in Dinophysis norvegica collected along Swedish coasts (Baltic Sea and west coast). In D. norvegica from Baltic Sea, dinophysistoxin-1 and okadaic acid were detectable only after hydrolysis of extracts. The Chilean mussels contained high concentrations of yessotoxin (YTX) and 45-hysdroxy-YTX. YTX and pectenotoxin-6 were the major causes for closure of scallop farms in Mutsu Bay, Japan. Clearly we need to pay more attention to toxins other than okadaic acids and apply proper regulation levels for individual toxin groups.

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