Profiles

James Sauer

Associate Professor James Sauer

James Sauer

Senior Lecturer
Associate Head Research

Room 1.28 , Social Sciences Building

+61 3 6226 2051 (phone)

+61 3 6226 2883 (fax)

Jim.Sauer@utas.edu.au

James is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Psychological Science. He joined the School in July 2014 after spending 5 years in the International Centre for Research in Forensic Psychology (ICRFP) at the University of Portsmouth (UK). He is an Honorary Lecturer (and Visiting Scholar) with the Department of Psychology at the University of Portsmouth, and an External Member of the ICRFP.

James is an applied cognitive psychologist, whose research interests fall within two broad. First, he's interested in memory, decision-making and confidence, particularly in the area of psychology and law. More specifically, he's interested in developing better ways to test eyewitnesses' memories, and ways to discriminate between memory judgements that are more or less likely to be reliable.

Second, he’s also interested in the effects of videogames – and design features withing games – on players’ cognition and behaviour. Recent work has focussed on the effects of gambling-like reward systems (e.g., loot boxes) in videogames.

Biography

Before joining the University of Tasmania, James was a Senior Lecturer at the University of Portsmouth from 2009-2014. Prior to that he was an ARC-funded post-doctoral fellow working Prof Neil Brewer at Flinders University, Adelaide.

Career summary

Qualifications

PhD, Flinders University, Australia, 2008. Using Multiple Confidence Assessments to Discriminate Studied From Unstudied Faces
BPsych (1^st Class Hons), Flinders University, Australia, 2004. Diagnosing Accuracy in Sequential Lineups

Memberships

Professional practice

Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (SARMAC)
Association for Psychological Science

Administrative expertise

James has chaired and/or served on school/department research committees, departmental research ethics committees and faculty research ethics committees.

He has also served on course management committees, and coordinated first year and honours levels in Psychology.

He is currently a member of the Governing Board of the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (SARMAC).

Teaching

Cognition, Research Methods, Psychology & Law, Forensic Psychology

Teaching expertise

James has designed, coordinated, and/or taught into a variety of undergraduate and post-graduate units relating to cognition, research methods, and psychology and law.

Teaching responsibility

PSY125 Psychological Processes
PSY312 Forensic Psychology
KHA451 Research Design & Ethics
KHA452 Theoretical Controversies in Psychology
KHA457 Research Project A
KHA458 Research Project B

View more on AssocProf Jim Sauer in WARP

Expertise

Eyewitness memory, decision-making and confidence
Metacognition
Jury decision-making
The effects of videogames on cognition and behaviour

Research Themes

James’ research interests are in applied cognitive psychology. He is interested in how people processes information, make decisions, and assess their own understanding of information in a variety of applied domains (e.g., psychology and law, education).

James’ research on eyewitness identification and metacognition (e.g., the ability assess the likely accuracy of information retrieved from memory) has been published in leading experimental psychology journals, and cited in policy documents like the National Academy of Science’s policy advice document on the collection and interpretation of eyewitness identification evidence.

Recent work investigating the convergence between gaming and gambling has been published in Nature Human Behaviour, and supported parliamentary inquiries in Australia and the United Kingdom investigating whether gambling-like reward mechanisms in videogames require regulation.

Collaboration

James in currently involved in grant-funded collaborations with colleagues at UTAS (applied cognition research with Prof. Andrew Heathcote and Dr. Matt Palmer) and overseas (gaming-related research Dr. Aaron Drummond and Prof. Chris Ferguson), and works on a number of gaming-related projects A/Prof Kristy de Salas and Dr Ian Lew (UTAS ICT and Giant Margarita).

Current projects

Current projects focus on eyewitness memory and metacognition (and methods for improving and assessing the reliability of eyewitness recall and recognition memory outputs), and the effects of playing videogames on cognition and behaviour.

Fields of Research

Forensic psychology (520103)
Cognition (520401)
Decision making (520402)
Memory and attention (520404)
Health psychology (520304)
Educational psychology (520102)
Sensory processes, perception and performance (520406)
Cognitive neuroscience (520203)
Behavioural neuroscience (520202)
Serious games (460706)
Cybercrime (440207)
Other psychology (529999)
Applied and developmental psychology (520199)
Social psychology (520505)
Psychological methodology, design and analysis (520105)
Criminal law (480401)
Law and humanities (480403)
Child and adolescent development (520101)
Applications in social sciences and education (460105)
Marketing (350699)
Information systems (460999)
Software engineering (461299)
Human information interaction and retrieval (461003)
Workplace wellbeing and quality of working life (350507)
Police administration, procedures and practice (440211)
Entertainment and gaming (460703)
Natural resource management (410406)
Food properties (incl. characteristics and health benefits) (321002)
Medical biotechnology (320699)
Industrial and organisational psychology (incl. human factors) (520104)
Psycholinguistics (incl. speech production and comprehension) (520405)

Research Objectives

Expanding knowledge in psychology (280121)
Animation, video games and computer generated imagery services (220501)
Crime prevention (230402)
Expanding knowledge in law and legal studies (280117)
Law enforcement (230404)
Public health (excl. specific population health) (200499)
Emerging defence technologies (140104)
Land (140106)
Application software packages (220401)
The media (130204)
Nutraceuticals and functional foods (241308)
Human biological preventatives (240801)
Marketing (150303)
Other health (209999)

Publications

For publications, see below.

Total publications

Highlighted publications

(4 outputs)

Year	Type	Citation
2020	Journal Article	Drummond A, Sauer JD, Hall LC, Zendle D, Loudon MR, 'Why loot boxes could be regulated as gambling', Nature Human Behaviour, 4, (10) pp. 986-988. ISSN 2397-3374 (2020) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-0900-3 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 44Web of Science - 36 Tweet
2018	Journal Article	Drummond A, Sauer J, 'Video game loot boxes are psychologically akin to gambling', Nature Human Behaviour, 2 pp. 530-532. ISSN 2397-3374 (2018) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0360-1 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 137Web of Science - 125 Tweet
2010	Journal Article	Sauer J, Brewer N, Zweck T, Weber N, 'The Effect of Retention Interval on the Confidence-Accuracy Relationship for Eyewitness Identification', Law and Human Behavior, 34, (4) pp. 337-47. ISSN 0147-7307 (2010) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1007/s10979-009-9192-x [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 108Web of Science - 100 Tweet
2008	Journal Article	Sauer J, Brewer N, Weber N, 'Multiple Confidence Estimates as Indices of Eyewitness Memory', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, (3) pp. 528-547. ISSN 0096-3445 (2008) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/a0012712 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 54Web of Science - 52 Tweet

Journal Article

(61 outputs)

Year	Citation	Altmetrics
2023	Garrett EP, Drummond A, Lowe-Calverley E, De Silva K, Lewis IJ, et al., 'Impulsivity and loot box engagement', Telematics and Informatics: An International Journal on Telecommunications and Internet Technology, 78 Article 101952. ISSN 0736-5853 (2023) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2023.101952 [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Garrett EP; Drummond A; Lowe-Calverley E; De Silva K; Lewis IJ Tweet
2023	Kucina T, Wells L, Lewis IJ, de Salas K, Kohl A, et al., 'Calibration of cognitive tests to address the reliability paradox for decision-conflict tasks', Nature communications, 14 Article 2234. ISSN 2041-1723 (2023) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37777-2 [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Kucina T; Wells L; Lewis IJ; de Salas K; Kohl A; Palmer MA Tweet
2022	D'Amico NJ, Drummond A, de Salas K, Lewis I, Waugh C, et al., 'No effect of short term exposure to gambling like reward systems on post game risk taking', Scientific Reports, 12, (1) Article 16751. ISSN 2045-2322 (2022) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21222-3 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 1Web of Science - 1 Co-authors: D'Amico NJ; de Salas K; Lewis I Tweet
2022	Drummond A, Hall LC, Sauer JD, 'Surprisingly high prevalence rates of severe psychological distress among consumers who purchase loot boxes in video games', Scientific Reports, 12, (1) Article 16128. ISSN 2045-2322 (2022) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20549-1 [eCite] [Details] Tweet
2022	Ferguson CJ, Sauer JD, Drummond A, Kneer J, Lowe-Calverley E, 'Does sexualization in video games cause harm in players? A meta-analytic examination', Computers in Human Behavior, 135 Article 107341. ISSN 0747-5632 (2022) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107341 [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Lowe-Calverley E Tweet
2022	Garrett EP, Sauer JD, Drummond A, Lowe-Calverley E, 'Problem gambling and income as predictors of loot box spending', International Gambling Studies pp. 1-13. ISSN 1445-9795 (2022) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2022.2029528 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 3Web of Science - 3 Co-authors: Garrett EP; Lowe-Calverley E Tweet
2022	de Salas K, Ashbarry L, Seabourne M, Lewis I, Wells L, et al., 'Improving environmental outcomes with games: an exploration of behavioural and technological design and evaluation approaches', Simulation & Gaming, 53, (5) pp. 470-512. ISSN 1046-8781 (2022) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1177/10468781221114160 [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: de Salas K; Ashbarry L; Seabourne M; Lewis I; Wells L; Dermoudy J; Roehrer E; Springer M; Scott J Tweet
2021	Drummond A, Hall LC, Palmer MA, Hughes J, Sauer JD, 'Comment: Cultural tightness does not predict action on the collective threat of climate change', The Lancet Planetary Health, 5, (5) ISSN 2542-5196 (2021) [Contribution to Refereed Journal] [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Palmer MA; Hughes J
2021	Drummond A, Hall LC, Palmer MA, Hughes J, Sauer JD, 'Cultural tightness does not predict action on the collective threat of climate change', The Lancet. Planetary health, 5, (5) pp. e251-e252. ISSN 2542-5196 (2021) [Contribution to Refereed Journal] DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00055-3 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 1 Co-authors: Palmer MA; Hughes J Tweet
2021	Drummond A, Sauer JD, Ferguson CJ, Cannon PR, Hall LC, 'Violent and non-violent virtual reality video games: influences on affect, aggressive cognition, and aggressive behavior. Two pre-registered experiments', Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 95 Article 104119. ISSN 0022-1031 (2021) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104119 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 9Web of Science - 7 Tweet
2021	Garea SS, Drummond A, Sauer JD, Hall LC, Williams MA, 'Meta-analysis of the relationship between problem gambling, excessive gaming and loot box spending', International Gambling Studies pp. 1-20. ISSN 1445-9795 (2021) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2021.1914705 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 35Web of Science - 29 Tweet
2021	Groncki R, Beaudry JL, Sauer JD, 'Investigating the ease-of-retrieval effect in an eyewitness context', Memory, 29, (2) pp. 234-254. ISSN 0965-8211 (2021) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1882502 [eCite] [Details] Tweet
2021	Hall LC, Drummond A, Sauer JD, Ferguson CJ, 'Effects of self-isolation and quarantine on loot box spending and excessive gaming results of a natural experiment', PeerJ, 9 pp. 1-16. ISSN 2167-8359 (2021) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10705 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 22Web of Science - 17 Tweet
2021	Reynolds A, Garton R, Kvam P, Sauer J, Osth A, et al., 'A dynamic model of deciding not to choose', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 150, (1) pp. 42-66. ISSN 0096-3445 (2021) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/xge0000770 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 2Web of Science - 3 Co-authors: Reynolds A; Garton R; Heathcote A Tweet
2020	Drummond A, Sauer JD, Ferguson CJ, 'Do longitudinal studies support long-term relationships between aggressive game play and youth aggressive behaviour? A meta-analytic examination', Royal Society Open Science, 7, (7) Article 200373. ISSN 2054-5703 (2020) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200373 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 35Web of Science - 29 Tweet
2020	Drummond A, Sauer JD, Ferguson CJ, Hall LC, 'The relationship between problem gambling, excessive gaming, psychological distress and spending on loot boxes in Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, and the United States-A cross-national survey', PloS one, 15, (3) Article e0230378. ISSN 1932-6203 (2020) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230378 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 51Web of Science - 49 Tweet
2020	Drummond A, Sauer JD, Hall LC, Zendle D, Loudon MR, 'Why loot boxes could be regulated as gambling', Nature Human Behaviour, 4, (10) pp. 986-988. ISSN 2397-3374 (2020) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-0900-3 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 44Web of Science - 36 Tweet
2020	Haddad A, Sauer J, Prichard J, Spiranovic C, Gelb K, 'Gaming tasks as a method for studying the impact of warning messages on information behavior', Library Trends, 68, (4) pp. 576-598. ISSN 0024-2594 (2020) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1353/lib.2020.0012 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 1Web of Science - 1 Co-authors: Haddad A; Prichard J; Spiranovic C Tweet
2020	Kucina T, Sauer JD, Holt GA, Brewer N, Palmer MA, 'Refining the blank lineup procedure: how should we instruct eyewitnesses?', Applied Cognitive Psychology, 34, (6) pp. 1419-1429. ISSN 1099-0720 (2020) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1002/acp.3719 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 1Web of Science - 1 Co-authors: Kucina T; Palmer MA Tweet
2020	Palmer MA, Brewer N, Weber N, Sauer JD, 'Eyewitness identifications of multiple culprits: disconfirming feedback following one lineup decision impairs identification of another culprit', Psychology, Public Policy, and Law pp. 1-14. ISSN 1076-8971 (2020) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/law0000291 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Web of Science - 1 Co-authors: Palmer MA Tweet
2020	Rubinova E, Fitzgerald RJ, Juncu S, Ribbers E, Hope L, et al., 'Live presentation for eyewitness identification is not superior to photo or video presentation', Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition ISSN 2211-3681 (2020) [Refereed Article] [eCite] [Details]
2020	Saraiva RB, Hope L, Horselenberg R, Ost J, Sauer JD, et al., 'Using metamemory measures and memory tests to estimate eyewitness free recall performance', Memory, 28, (1) pp. 94-106. ISSN 0965-8211 (2020) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1688835 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 10Web of Science - 8 Tweet
2020	Sauer JD, Drummond A, 'Boundary conditions for the practical importance of small effects in long runs: a comment on Funder and Ozer (2019)', Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3, (4) pp. 502-504. ISSN 2515-2459 (2020) [Contribution to Refereed Journal] DOI: 10.1177/2515245920957607 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Web of Science - 6 Tweet
2019	Drummond A, Sauer JD, 'Timesplitters: playing video games before (but not after) school on weekdays is associated with poorer adolescent academic performance. A test of competing theoretical accounts', Computers and Education, 144 pp. 1-12. ISSN 0360-1315 (2019) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103704 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 16Web of Science - 12 Tweet
2019	Drummond A, Sauer JD, Hall LC, 'Loot box limit‐setting: a potential policy to protect video game users with gambling problems?', Addiction ISSN 0965-2140 (2019) [Letter or Note in Journal] DOI: 10.1111/add.14583 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 39Web of Science - 40 Tweet
2019	Heathcote A, Holloway E, Sauer J, 'Confidence and varieties of bias', Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 90 pp. 31-46. ISSN 0022-2496 (2019) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2018.10.002 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 1Web of Science - 3 Co-authors: Heathcote A; Holloway E Tweet
2019	Monds LA, Kloft L, Sauer JD, Honan CA, Palmer MA, 'No evidence that alcohol intoxication impairs judgments of learning in face recognition', Applied Cognitive Psychology pp. 1-9. ISSN 0888-4080 (2019) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1002/acp.3534 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 6Web of Science - 6 Co-authors: Honan CA; Palmer MA Tweet
2019	Palmer MA, Stefanidis K, Turner A, Tranent PJ, Breen R, et al., 'Acute physical exercise can influence the accuracy of metacognitive judgments', Scientific Reports, 9 Article 12412. ISSN 2045-2322 (2019) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48861-3 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 3Web of Science - 3 Co-authors: Palmer MA; Stefanidis K; Turner A; Tranent PJ; Breen R; Kucina T; Brumby L; Holt G; Fell JW Tweet
2019	Rainsford M, Palmer MA, Sauer JD, 'The Distinctiveness Effect in the Recognition of Whole Melodies', Music Perception, 36, (3) pp. 253-272. ISSN 0730-7829 (2019) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1525/mp.2019.36.3.253 [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Rainsford M; Palmer MA Tweet
2019	Sauer JD, Palmer MA, Brewer N, 'Pitfalls in using eyewitness confidence to diagnose the accuracy of an individual identification decision', Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 25, (3) pp. 147-165. ISSN 1076-8971 (2019) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/law0000203 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 31Web of Science - 29 Co-authors: Palmer MA Tweet
2019	Tupper N, Sauerland M, Sauer JD, Hope L, 'Eyewitness identification procedures for multiple perpetrator crimes: a survey of police in Sweden, Belgium, and the Netherlands', Psychology, Crime and Law, 25, (10) pp. 992-1007. ISSN 1068-316X (2019) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1080/1068316X.2019.1611828 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 5Web of Science - 4 Tweet
2018	Drummond A, Hall LC, Sauer JD, Palmer MA, 'Is public awareness and perceived threat of climate change associated with governmental mitigation targets?', Climatic Change, 149, (2) pp. 159-171. ISSN 0165-0009 (2018) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1007/s10584-018-2230-2 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 28Web of Science - 25 Co-authors: Palmer MA Tweet
2018	Drummond A, Sauer J, 'Video game loot boxes are psychologically akin to gambling', Nature Human Behaviour, 2 pp. 530-532. ISSN 2397-3374 (2018) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0360-1 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 137Web of Science - 125 Tweet
2018	Graham G, Sauer JD, Akehurst L, Smith J, Hillstrom AP, 'CCTV observation: the effects of event type and instructions on fixation behaviour in an applied change blindness task', Applied Cognitive Psychology, 32, (1) pp. 4-13. ISSN 0888-4080 (2018) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1002/acp.3372 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 1Web of Science - 2 Tweet
2018	Rechdan J, Hope L, Sauer JD, Sauerland M, Ost J, et al., 'The effects of co-witness discussion on confidence and precision in eyewitness memory reports', Memory, 26, (7) pp. 904-912. ISSN 0965-8211 (2018) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1448872 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 9Web of Science - 7 Tweet
2018	Tupper N, Sauer JD, Sauerland M, Fu I, Hope L, 'Face value: testing the utility of contextual face cues for face recognition', Memory, 26, (10) pp. 1436-1449. ISSN 0965-8211 (2018) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1489968 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 1Web of Science - 1 Tweet
2018	Tupper N, Sauerland M, Sauer JD, Broers NJ, Charman SD, et al., 'Showup identification decisions for multiple perpetrator crimes: testing for sequential dependencies', PloS ONE, 13, (12) Article e0208403. ISSN 1932-6203 (2018) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208403 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 3Web of Science - 3 Tweet
2017	Bruer KC, Fitzgerald RJ, Price HL, Sauer JD, 'How sure are you that this is the man you saw? Child witnesses can use confidence judgments to identify a target', Law and Human Behavior, 41, (6) pp. 541-555. ISSN 0147-7307 (2017) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000260 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 4Web of Science - 5 Tweet
2017	Palmer MA, Sauer JD, Holt GA, 'Undermining position effects in choices from arrays, with implications for police lineups', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 23 pp. 71-84. ISSN 1076-898X (2017) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/xap0000109 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 7Web of Science - 8 Co-authors: Palmer MA; Holt GA Tweet
2017	Palmer MA, Sauer JD, Ling A, Riza J, 'Caffeine cravings impair memory and metacognition', Memory, 25, (9) pp. 1225-1234. ISSN 0965-8211 (2017) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2017.1282968 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 6Web of Science - 4 Co-authors: Palmer MA Tweet
2017	Rechdan J, Sauer JD, Hope L, Sauerland M, Ost J, et al., 'Computer mediated social comparative feedback does not affect metacognitive regulation of memory reports', Frontiers in Psychology, 8 Article 1433. ISSN 1664-1078 (2017) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01433 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 4Web of Science - 3 Tweet
2017	Sauer JD, Palmer MA, Brewer N, 'Mock-juror evaluations of traditional and ratings-based eyewitness identification evidence', Law and Human Behavior, 41, (4) pp. 375-384. ISSN 0147-7307 (2017) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000235 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 7Web of Science - 8 Co-authors: Palmer MA Tweet
2017	Stephens RG, Semmler C, Sauer JD, 'The effect of the proportion of mismatching trials and task orientation on the confidence-accuracy relationship in unfamiliar face matching', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 23, (3) pp. 336-353. ISSN 1076-898X (2017) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/xap0000130 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 10Web of Science - 8 Tweet
2016	Drummond A, Palmer MA, Sauer JD, 'Enhancing endorsement of scientific inquiry increases support for pro-environment policies', Royal Society Open Science, 3, (9) pp. 1-11. ISSN 2054-5703 (2016) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160360 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 6Web of Science - 6 Co-authors: Palmer MA Tweet
2016	Sauer J, Hope L, 'The effects of divided attention at study and reporting procedure on regulation and monitoring for episodic recall', Acta Psychologica, 169 pp. 143-156. ISSN 0001-6918 (2016) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.05.015 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 24Web of Science - 21 Tweet
2015	Hope L, Blocksidge D, Gabbert F, Sauer JD, Lewinski W, et al., 'Memory and the operational witness: police officer recall of firearms encounters as a function of active response role', Law and Human Behavior, 40, (1) pp. 23-35. ISSN 0147-7307 (2015) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000159 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 36Web of Science - 32 Tweet
2015	Sauer JD, Drummond A, Nova N, 'Violent video games: The effects of narrative context and reward structure on in-game and postgame aggression', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 21, (3) pp. 205-14. ISSN 1076-898X (2015) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/xap0000050 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 26Web of Science - 19 Tweet
2015	Vredeveldt A, Sauer JD, 'Effects of eye-closure on confidence-accuracy relations in eyewitness testimony', Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4, (1) pp. 51-58. ISSN 2211-3681 (2015) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.12.006 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 15Web of Science - 13 Tweet
2014	Alogna VK, Attaya MK, Aucoin P, Bahnik S, Birch S, et al., 'Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990)', Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9, (5) pp. 556-578. ISSN 1745-6916 (2014) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1177/1745691614545653 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 106Web of Science - 89 Co-authors: Holt G; Palmer MA; Rainsford MAE; Zuj DV Tweet
2014	Drummond A, Sauer J, 'Daily videogame use and metacognitive knowledge of effective learning strategies', Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 4, (4) pp. 342-350. ISSN 2160-4134 (2014) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000049 [eCite] [Details] Tweet
2014	Drummond A, Sauer J, 'Video-games do not negatively impact adolescent academic performance in science, mathematics or reading', PL o S One, 9, (4) Article e87943. ISSN 1932-6203 (2014) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087943 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 48Web of Science - 50 Tweet
2014	Nasholm E, Rohlfing S, Sauer J, 'Pirate stealth or inattentional blindness? The effects of target relevance and sustained attention on security monitoring for experienced and naive operators', PL o S One, 9, (1) Article e86157. ISSN 1932-6203 (2014) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086157 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 16Web of Science - 13 Tweet
2013	Lindsay RCL, Kelmet N, Leung J, Bertrand MI, Sauer J, et al., 'Confidence and accuracy of lineup selections and rejections: Postdicting rejection accuracy with confidence', Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2, (3) pp. 179-184. ISSN 2211-3681 (2013) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2013.06.002 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 11Web of Science - 10 Tweet
2012	Sauer J, Brewer N, Weber N, 'Using confidence ratings to identify a target among foils', Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 1, (2) pp. 80-88. ISSN 2211-3681 (2012) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2012.03.003 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 10Web of Science - 12 Tweet
2012	Sauer J, Weber N, Brewer N, 'Using ecphoric confidence ratings to discriminate seen from unseen faces: the effects of retention interval and distinctiveness', Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 19, (3) pp. 490-8. ISSN 1069-9384 (2012) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.3758/s13423-012-0239-5 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 14Web of Science - 13 Tweet
2011	Brewer N, Barnes J, Sauer J, 'The effects of peripheral message cues on clinicians' judgments about clients' psychological status', British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, (1) pp. 67-83. ISSN 2044-8260 (2011) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1348/014466510X494097 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 2Web of Science - 1 Tweet
2010	Brewer N, Keast A, Sauer J, 'Children's eyewitness identification performance: Effects of a Not Sure response option and accuracy motivation', Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15, (2) pp. 261-277. ISSN 1355-3259 (2010) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1348/135532509X474822 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 20Web of Science - 20 Tweet
2010	Lowenstein JA, Blank H, Sauer J, 'Uniforms Affect the Accuracy of Children's Eyewitness Identifi cation Decisions', Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling (Online), 7, (1) pp. 59-73. ISSN 1544-4767 (2010) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1002/jip.104 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 15Web of Science - 11 Tweet
2010	Sauer J, Brewer N, Zweck T, Weber N, 'The Effect of Retention Interval on the Confidence-Accuracy Relationship for Eyewitness Identification', Law and Human Behavior, 34, (4) pp. 337-47. ISSN 0147-7307 (2010) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1007/s10979-009-9192-x [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 108Web of Science - 100 Tweet
2008	Sauer J, Brewer N, Weber N, 'Multiple Confidence Estimates as Indices of Eyewitness Memory', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, (3) pp. 528-547. ISSN 0096-3445 (2008) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1037/a0012712 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 54Web of Science - 52 Tweet
2008	Sauer J, Brewer N, Wells G, 'Is there a magical time boundary for diagnosing eyewitness identification accuracy in sequential line-ups?', Legal and Criminological Psychology, 13, (1) pp. 123-135. ISSN 2044-8333 (2008) [Refereed Article] DOI: 10.1348/135532506X159203 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 21Web of Science - 19 Tweet

Chapter in Book

(7 outputs)

Year	Citation	Altmetrics
2021	Brewer N, Lucas CA, Sauer JD, Palmer MA, 'Measuring the Relationship Between Eyewitness Identification Confidence and Accuracy', Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Identification Tasks, Routledge, AM Smith, MP Toglia and JM Lampinen (ed), New York, United States, pp. 234-257. ISBN 9781138612549 (2021) [Research Book Chapter] [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Palmer MA
2021	Drummond A, Sauer JD, 'A Brief History of Media Violence in the United States: Scientific Evidence, Regulatory Frameworks, Content Ratings, and Landmark Legal Cases', Violence in American Society An Encyclopedia of Trends, Problems, and Perspectives, ABC-CLIO, C Richardson (ed), United States, pp. 255-286. ISBN 978-1-4408-5467-5 (2021) [Research Book Chapter] [eCite] [Details]
2021	Sauer JD, Brewer N, 'Ratings-Based Identification Procedures', Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Identification Tasks, Routledge, AM Smith, MP Toglia, JM Lampinen (ed), New York, United States, pp. 192-210. ISBN 9781138612549 (2021) [Research Book Chapter] [eCite] [Details]
2019	Sauer JD, Palmer MA, Brewer N, 'Eyewitness Identification', Psychological Science and the Law, The Guilford Press, N Brewer, A Douglass (ed), New York, pp. 208-237. ISBN 9781462538300 (2019) [Research Book Chapter] [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Palmer MA Tweet
2018	Drummond A, Sauer JD, Garea SS, 'The Infamous Relationship Between Violent Video Game Use and Aggression: Uncharted Moderators and Small Effects Make It a Far Cry from Certain', Video Game Influences on Aggression, Cognition, and Attention, Springer International Publishing AG, CJ Ferguson (ed), Switzerland, pp. 23-40. ISBN 978-3-319-95494-3 (2018) [Research Book Chapter] DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95495-0_3 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 5 Tweet
2015	Sauer J, Brewer N, 'Confidence and accuracy of eyewitness identification', Forensic Facial Identification: Theory and Practice of Identification from Eyewitnesses, Composites and CCTV, Wiley-Blackwell, Valentine, T; Davis, JP (ed), United Kingdom, pp. 185-208. ISBN 978-1-118-46958-3 (2015) [Other Book Chapter] DOI: 10.1002/9781118469538 [eCite] [Details] Citations: Scopus - 17 Tweet
2014	Hope L, Sauer J, 'Eyewitness Memory and Mistaken Identifications', Investigative Interviewing - The Essentials, Carswell, Michel St-Yves (ed), Canada, pp. 346. ISBN 978-0-7798-6273-3 (2014) [Other Book Chapter] [eCite] [Details]

Conference Publication

(3 outputs)

Year	Citation	Altmetrics
2021	Kucina T, Wells L, Lewis I, Sauer J, Palmer M, et al., 'Improving the measurement of attentional conflict resolution', Proceedings of the 2021 Defence Human Sciences Symposium, 29 November 2021 - 1 December 2021, Virtual Conference, Online (Melbourne, Australia), pp. 124-125. (2021) [Refereed Conference Paper] [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Kucina T; Wells L; Lewis I; Palmer M; de Salas K
2020	Wells L, Lewis I, Kucina T, Kohl AT, Sauer J, et al., 'A flexible gaming environment for reliably measuring cognitive control', Defence Human Sciences Symposium (DHSS) 2020 - Achieving More Together, 7-9 December, Online (2020) [Conference Extract] [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Wells L; Lewis I; Kucina T; Kohl AT; Palmer M; de Salas K; Heathcote A
2014	Sauer J, Brewer N, Palmer M, 'Mock juror interpretations of ecphoric confidence ratings', American Psychology-Law Society Annual Conference, 6-8 March, 2014, New Orleans, Louisiana (2014) [Conference Extract] [eCite] [Details] Co-authors: Palmer M

Year

Citation

Altmetrics

2021

Kucina T, Wells L, Lewis I, Sauer J, Palmer M, et al., 'Improving the measurement of attentional conflict resolution', Proceedings of the 2021 Defence Human Sciences Symposium, 29 November 2021 - 1 December 2021, Virtual Conference, Online (Melbourne, Australia), pp. 124-125. (2021) [Refereed Conference Paper]

[eCite] [Details]

Co-authors: Kucina T; Wells L; Lewis I; Palmer M; de Salas K

2020

Wells L, Lewis I, Kucina T, Kohl AT, Sauer J, et al., 'A flexible gaming environment for reliably measuring cognitive control', Defence Human Sciences Symposium (DHSS) 2020 - Achieving More Together, 7-9 December, Online (2020) [Conference Extract]

[eCite] [Details]

Co-authors: Wells L; Lewis I; Kucina T; Kohl AT; Palmer M; de Salas K; Heathcote A

2014

Sauer J, Brewer N, Palmer M, 'Mock juror interpretations of ecphoric confidence ratings', American Psychology-Law Society Annual Conference, 6-8 March, 2014, New Orleans, Louisiana (2014) [Conference Extract]

[eCite] [Details]

Co-authors: Palmer M

Other Public Output

(2 outputs)

Year	Citation	Altmetrics
2018	Drummond A, Sauer J, 'Gaming or gambling: Study shows almost half of loot boxes in video games constitute gambling', The Conversation, The Conversation Media Group Ltd, Australia, 28 June (2018) [Newspaper Article] [eCite] [Details] Tweet
2011	Hillstrom A, Sauer J, Hope L, 'Training methods for facial image comparison: A Literature Review', University of Portsmouth, Department of Psychology, Portsmouth, England, 1, 1, pp. 1-68. (2011) [Report of Restricted Access] [eCite] [Details]

Year

Citation

Altmetrics

2018

Drummond A, Sauer J, 'Gaming or gambling: Study shows almost half of loot boxes in video games constitute gambling', The Conversation, The Conversation Media Group Ltd, Australia, 28 June (2018) [Newspaper Article]

[eCite] [Details]

2011

Hillstrom A, Sauer J, Hope L, 'Training methods for facial image comparison: A Literature Review', University of Portsmouth, Department of Psychology, Portsmouth, England, 1, 1, pp. 1-68. (2011) [Report of Restricted Access]

[eCite] [Details]

Grants & Funding

In addition to the funding below, James has received external funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (UK), the British Academy, and the UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch for a variety of projects applying cognitive psychology to investigative and security settings.

Funding Summary

Number of grants

Total funding

$1,419,948

Projects

Online message design for adolescents (2022 - 2023)$90,937

Description: This project will conduct research to inform the design of online messages for adolescents to reduce the risk of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) offending.
Funding: Australian Institute of Criminology ($90,937)
Scheme: Contract Research
Administered By: University of Tasmania
Research Team: Sauer J; Prichard JP; Scanlan JD
Period: 2022 - 2023

Project evaluation of the reThink chatbot (2021 - 2023)$91,501

Description: This project will evaluate an online messaging system that attempts to dissuade Internet users from searching for child sexual abuse material.
Funding: Internet Watch Foundation ($91,501)
Scheme: Contract Research
Administered By: University of Tasmania
Research Team: Scanlan JD; Sauer J; Spiranovic CA; Prichard JP
Period: 2021 - 2023

Human Performance - Cognitive gym - Cognitive Fitness Framework trainable attributes assessment (2020 - 2021)$118,210

Description: We propose developments that will achieve improvements in the efficacy and reliability of measurement of cognitive fitness constructs related to cognitive control that are critical to stimulating the design and development of environments and protocols to improve cognitive fitness and to developing fieldable technologies to protect and enhance cognitive performance. We will develop gamified test of cognitive control integrating 7 different tasks (2-back, stop-signal, Simon, Flanker, Task Switching, Decision-Bias and Multitasking), benchmark it against traditional laboratory versions of these tasks and brief cognitive clinical assessment as well examining its relationship to a psychometric measure of real-world impulse control. We will also examine the effects on cognitive fitness of extended practice with the game and also use the large associated data set to assess how measure reliability changes with number of trials performed.
Funding: Defence Science and Technology Group ($118,210)
Scheme: Contract Research
Administered By: University of Tasmania
Research Team: de Salas KL; Lewis IJ; Sauer J; Palmer MA; Heathcote AJ
Period: 2020 - 2021

Improving the diagnosticity of eyewitness memory choices (2020 - 2022)$514,654

Description: Mistaken identifications are the leading cause of wrongful conviction in many criminal justice systems. Criticaldecisions (like eyewitness identification decisions) are usually made under great uncertainty, and are often basedon uncertain choices made by other decision makers (e.g., when a juror must decide whether to convict based oneyewitness identification evidence). This project aims to develop new methods for eliciting decisions, andmathematical models of the way humans make choices, which predict the speed and confidence with which theyare made. These developments will improve choices and quantify their quality so that they can be properlyweighted when combined. Programs will be developed to take these new methods from the laboratory to thepolice station and courtroom, enabling investigators to better evaluate whether a witness is correct in her or hisdecision. This will potentially reduce wrongful convictions, benefiting innocent individuals, the Australian justicesystem (e.g., reduced court and prison costs), and society at large (i.e., increased public safety and trust in thelegal system).
Funding: Australian Research Council ($296,113)
Collaborators: University of Melbourne ($18,860); University of Newcastle ($199,681)
Scheme: Grant-Discovery Projects
Administered By: University of Newcastle
Research Team: Heathcote AJ; Sauer J; Palmer MA; Osth A
Period: 2020 - 2022
Grant Reference: DP200100655

Understanding the effects of gambling-related mechanisms in game design on problematic video gameplay behaviours (2019 - 2021)$300,000

Description: In the last year, politicians, gamers, and parents worldwide have expressed serious concerns about the recent emergence of gambling-related design features in videogames available to children (e.g., so called Loot Boxes), and the potential psychological, financial, and physical health risks these features pose. No research directly addresses this issue. However, two recent publications highlight that these design features share important psychological properties with gambling. Primarily, like poker machine gambling, these features offer rewards of randomly-determined value, based on variable reinforcement schedules (i.e., although successful outcomes are determined by the number of attempts a player makes, the precise number of attempts required and the value of the successful outcome cannot be determined beforehand). This sort of reward mechanism results in the rapid acquisition of new behaviours (e.g., betting), produces highly persistent behaviours, and is fundamental to many forms of conventional gambling. With a novel application of robust psychological theory (operant conditioning), we propose to establish the prevalence of, and experimentally verify the psychological mechanisms underpinning, problematic gaming behaviours associated with in-game gambling-related mechanisms, with a view to inform theory, public policy debates, and interventions to curtail problematic outcomes.
Funding: The Royal Society of New Zealand ($300,000)
Scheme: Grant-Marsden Fund
Administered By: The Royal Society of New Zealand
Research Team: Drummond A; Sauer J; Ferguson C
Period: 2019 - 2021

Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (SARMAC), Canada 24-27 June 2015 (2015)$2,500

Funding: University of Tasmania ($2,500)
Scheme: Grant-Conference Support Scheme
Administered By: University of Tasmania
Research Team: Sauer J
Year: 2015

Identifying how and why different recall tests affect subsequent learning of information (2014 - 2015)$17,861

Funding: British Academy ($17,861)
Scheme: Grant
Administered By: University of Portsmouth
Research Team: Gabbert F; Hope L; Sauer JD
Period: 2014 - 2015

Learning from the Expert: Can Observing the Oculomtor Behaviour of Expert Face Processors Improve Training of Face Matching? (2012 - 2013)$88,413

Funding: Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (UK) ($88,413)
Scheme: Grant
Administered By: University of Portsmouth
Research Team: Hillstrom A; Hope L; Sauer JD
Period: 2012 - 2013

The effects of liking bias on eyewitness identifications (2010 - 2012)$179,506

Funding: Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (UK) ($179,506)
Scheme: Small Grants
Administered By: University of Portsmouth
Research Team: Blank H; Sauer JD
Period: 2010 - 2012

A Literature Review of Training Methods for Facial Image Comparison (2010 - 2011)$16,366

Funding: Home Office Scientific Development Branch ($16,366)
Scheme: Grant
Administered By: University of Portsmouth
Research Team: Hillstrom A; Hope L; Sauer JD
Period: 2010 - 2011

Research Supervision

In Tasmanian Cognition Laboratory, we’re always keen to hear from interested and highly-motivated students. I currently supervise (with other Cog Lab members) projects looking at (a) applied memory, decision-making and metacognition and (b) the effects of gaming and game design on players cognition and behaviour.

Current

Completed

Current

Degree	Title	Commenced
PhD	Using Cognitive Psychology to Optimise Students' Study Behaviours and the Communication of Health Promotion Messages	2017
PhD	Modelling Decision Making in Perceptual Discrimination Tasks	2018
PhD	An Investigation of the Decision to Report Misinformation Encountered Online	2019
PhD	Use of Weather and Climate Information: Risk perception and decision-making in the Antarctic	2019
PhD	Investigating the Engagement of Game Elements to Improve Serious Game Design for Behavioural Change	2019
PhD	Attitudes Towards Science and Facilitating Informed Decision Making	2019
PhD	Gambling-like Mechanisms in Video Games	2020
PhD	Investigating the Role of Video Game Features and Behavioural Addictions in the Development of Gaming Disorder	2021
PhD	Mis/information on social media	2023
PhD	Avoidant Coping and Excessive Gaming	2024

Completed

Degree	Title	Completed
PhD	The Influence of Misleading Images on Misinformation Beliefs: Probative value, repeated exposure, cognitive thinking styles, and political identity Candidate: Meriel Rona Charles	2023
PhD	Sequential Dynamics of Prediction: From shifting to biasing of decision thresholds Candidate: Roderick Garton	2023
PhD	Confidence Ratings and Non-diagnostic Information A theoretical account of confidence for recognition memory and perceptual discrimination tasks Candidate: Amelia Turner Kohl	2022
PhD	The Multiple Threshold Race Candidate: Angus Robert Reynolds	2021
PhD	Picture Perfect: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Engagement with Image-Based Social Media Content Candidate: Emily Joy Lowe	2019
PhD	The Influence of Confession Inconsistencies on Juror Decision-Making Candidate: Glenys Anne Holt	2018
PhD	Source Monitoring in Musical Tasks: Cognitive processes involved in the unconscious plagiarism of musical ideas Candidate: Miro Antonio Ezri Rainsford	2018